Components:
PV Modules:
PV Modules convert sunlight into DC Electricity.
Solar Cells typically made from Monocrystalline, Polycrystalline, or Amorphous silicon are connected in series to form a solar PV Module.
The specifications of the modules are found behind the module. This data can be taken from a data sheet too.
Most PV modules typically come with a 25 year Linear Power Warranty and 10-year product Workmanship warranty.
DC Cables:
DC Cables carry DC from the PV Modules to the Inverter. They should be sized to carry the required current from the module.
SJB (String Junction Box):
The SJB combines several DC Strings in parallel. They should contain SPD (Surge Protection Devices) and Fuses. As these are installed outdoors, it should be weather resistant.
Inverters:
Inverters are one of the most critical components in a Solar PV system. Inverters convert the DC power from the panels to AC power, which can be directly used by the household appliances and also sent to the grid by synchronizing the phase, voltage, and frequency of the AC power with the utility grid.
Inverters are capable of shutting down automatically in case of a power failure, by a feature known as anti-islanding.
It is advisable to place the Inverter as close as possible to the PV panels to reduce DC losses.
ACDB (AC Distribution Box)
The ACDB isolates the PV System from the utility grid. Just as the SJB, they should also be weather resistant. The ACDBs have MCBs and SPD.
AC Cables:
The AC Cables carry the AC Power from the Inverter to the meter. As meters are installed on the lower floors, the distance between the Inverter and the meter ends up being very high; therefore, the wire has to be suitably sized to reduce losses.
MMS( Module Mounting Structure):
The Module Mounting Structure is the component that helps tilt the PV Modules at the required angle. It supports the weight of the panels. The structure must withstand high wind speeds based on the location and height of installation and have a reliability level of 25 years.
The MMS can be customized based on site conditions, floor mount or elevated structures can be chosen based on the requirement. When elevated structures are selected, and the terrace is drilled for mounting of base plates, it is crucial to make sure that all necessary precautions are taken to prevent any water seepage in the future.